The Chevrolet Case Study In India Marketing Essay

The Chevrolet Case Study In India selling EssayIntroductionMarketing is an fused interactive methodological digest of planning, processing and practising the entire chain of advertising, awargonness, pricing, promotion, distribution and selling of any crossway or services serving the individual and organizational objectives of client satisfaction and expediency maximization. Web or online merchandise is the phenomenon of establishing and perpetuating consumer relationships with with(predicate) network greaseing, aw atomic number 18ness building and selling in order to encourage and expedite exchange of merchandisable views, commodities and services for unc turn outh advantage. Source Imber, Jane and Betsy-Ann Toffler. 2000. Dictionary of Marketing Terms. 3rd ed. Barrons Business Dictionaries To implement a prosperous market case study it is necessary to winnow all information to strategize and integrate the various marketing dressment move taken to derive the solution as enlisted belowa background and introduction to acquaint with the marketing prospects tiny scrutiny about the product marketed or service renderedelaborative analysis of the marketing action plans adaptedabsolute affirmations to substantiate the case study and informationClemes, Michael D. (2002) p.35The marketing case study illustrated here is the first hand experience of the writer while working in middle management team of Chevrolet group of ordinary Motors in India successfully strategizing the grease as yet through and through web marketing in midst of the companys uncertainties and planetary recession.Background and the Chevrolet Case Study in IndiaThe global frugal recession and probable bankruptcy of everyday Motors urged the US Government to formulate the Bail out Policy by the White House on a lower floor the able and diplomatic administration of the linked States President Mr. Barack Obama therefrom reinstating the companys progress and popularity and saving it from the present recession which has affected its other competitors hugely. This case study accounts the carry experience while actively working in India amongst the aggressive marketing team of GMs Chevrolet pioneering marketing and web marketing strategies to fulfil market leadership through ingenious brand awargonness intelligently programmed in line with the vision and values thus steering them successfully in face of global economic melt d hold. superior general Motors considered as the colossus of American capitalism has become identical with the American lifestyle showering warmth of living in opulence. Moreover, the recent plans and strategies of General Motors to revive the company concentrates focus on their four brands, namely, Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick and GMC. GM vis--vis Chevrolet champions itself as a prestige brand targeting the affluent and aspiring community to position them amongst the noned stature. Chevrolet additionally advocates brand image for the harsh corporate class familiarizing them with the brand which is wholesome-acclaimed by the rich and the famous. Hence Chevrolet curves a class of its own synonymous with the prestige and the power of position. With the current fast forward lifestyles and the growing course to attain social visibility particularly in the emerging markets like India consumers b wayly cannot escape the incessant attraction of gaining conspicuous prominence in the community by possessing prestige and luxury commodities like posh cars. Conspicuous Consumption depicts the consumers determination to exhibit prominence in affording luxury goods to attain social visibility (Piron, 2000, p.309). Displaying abundance, people who enjoys Conspicuous Consumption aims to achieve greater social distinction amongst the common (Wang and Chen, 2004). Conspicuous consumption in India is no greater confined to rich class merely, with easy communication finance accessibility at any aim of sentence this afflue nce is desired amongst all income groups even the economically backward working class.In India the advertising, campaigning techniques adopted by General Motors be product-based group-targeted aiming at dynamic-stigmatisation strategies aiming at the flourishing corporate class branding peculiarly through online audio visual marketing. The free test drive campaigns and extravagant road shows e fussyly organized in India by Chevrolet at principle prospective points with propaganda of least maintenance cost for three years have instantaneously increased gross gross and immensely strengthened their market shargon. Niche luxury car section of Chevrolet excessively aims at targeting high and medium income groups in India through practising a much supererogatoryized privately customized publicity strategy through email or internet Invitation Only Marketing. Overall Chevrolets strategy in appealing the Common works Man or locally termed as Aam Admi from diversified classes of income g roups in India has proven to be so effective that Chevrolet has seen a gross revenue boom in India even in the face of global recession, at the like time Chevrolet Spark and the Aveo U-VA have bagged the prestigious J.D. Power Asia-Pacific awards in addition to many other accolades in its bouquet. Chevrolet in India amidst the economic meltdown has proven to be the market leader through formulating innovative, decisive brand awareness aiming to glorify and transform lives of their loyal burning followers and prospects. In India, Chevrolet through its enterprising marketing, branding master estimateing has conquered billions of loyal and prospective consumers paving enlightened path for flourishing historically authoritative path-breaking strategies.Analysis of infixed and External IssuesThe consumers behaviour can be broadly studied under cognitive, affective and normative determinants depending on the approach, preference, prejudice, perception and conspicuous consumption of th e existent community. The purchase graph in automobile industry is always an exception. Though the car prices are in decreasing mode in accordance to Indias vision for her citizens to own at least one car per person, yet the possession of car in emerging countries like India is still a luxury capital purchase. each the above affecting consumer behaviours vary with time due to financial condition, age, gender, educational background and lifestyle which induce two reactions, namely, the rational attitude and the experienced outlook. go purchasing luxury goods like cars in India, consumer acquires in-depth knowledge of the market and the company offerings rationally analysing and evaluating all information.According to Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders and Wong (1999), in addition to the cultural phenomenon, there are social, personal and mental aspects which govern the purchasing power of the people. Across India, the globalization has ushered in an open door market and economic boom leading to tardily accessible information, technological advancements, communication systems, international social networks these global trends enormously influence both the markets and the consumers (Borg, 1996). Following the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, to analyse and evolve the gentle psychological factors configuring and constituting their needs and motivations the determinants are categorized into five-spot classifications in a pyramid such as the lowest level shows physiological demand to appease staple fibre hunger and thirst, the second level arouses an individual to look for safety and security, the third level pacifies an individuals desire for social belonging, the fourth level influences the person to quench his extol to attain social status and finally the fifth level inspires to achieve self-actualization accomplishing ones ultimate potential and independence. In developing countries like India significant determinants exist for the change magnitude demands of high pastime products like automobiles. India being the second intimately populated country has emerged as one of the most preferred nations by foreign transnational assignors in automobile sector like Chevrolet of General Motors- mostly attracted due to the huge demand naturally created by Indias growing population through the bulky expanse of qualitative talent and competitive labour pool available. Principal credit of publicizing and popularizing of Chevrolets vast Indian expansion is contributed by the creatively sophisticate advertising market especially the web advertising and marketing strategies which has not save inspired its very own Indian population but too attracted the audience worldwide. The secret formula behind Chevrolets marketing success in India dwells upon communication and the extent to which a consumer recognizes and recalls a brand. In this context it is appropriate to quotation mark Aaker (1991, p 63), A name is like a special file folder in the m ind which can be filled with name-related facts and feelings. Without such a file readily accessible in memory, the facts and feelings become misfiled, and cannot be readily accessed when needed. Accordingly it depends on the Levels of Awareness as illustrated below (Source Aaker 1991, p 62)Unaware of Brand-Brand Recognition-Brand Recall-Top of opinionA direct extraction from the Summer Internship Report on Role of Advertising in Brand Communication through Television Media submitted by Sumantra dig (A0102207185) of Amity University Uttar Pradesh the following expedient information can be consideredThe above graph shows the number of people who have given the corresponding ranks to the mediums according to the time devoted. The total is calculated by adding up the product of the number of people and corresponding ranks.Example for television it is (1X35) + (2X30) + (3X26) + (4X9) =209The medium get the lowest score is one getting the highest average rank.Hence the ranks are1- Te levision, 2 internet, 3 radio, 4- print.Next probing deep into the impact of the electronic media rising amongst which is the internet advertising and its influence on auto-sales in India, the following extracted international statistics can be cited and then Indian variables be derived with present research data as explained belowThe above tabular graphical data directly extracted from the source Ong, Jessica (April 21st, 2009) Archive for Advertising Effectiveness, Big Domain or Big Homepage? Homepage Visitors at the Top Publisher Sites online (Cited 4 February 2010) acquirable from http//blog.compete.com/topics/advertising-effectiveness/page/2/The above pie-chart graphical data directly extracted from the source Coad, Chris(March 3rd, 2009 ) Hyundai (pronounced like Sunday) Accelerates into 2009, online (Cited 4 February 2010) Available from http//blog.compete.com/2009/03/03/hyundai-assurance-sales-increase/ In India as per the scrutiny conducted the internet is loosely browse d by the younger generation and the corporate class, and it is also seen that while purchasing a brand new first hand car people most often do visit websites and collect feedbacks or news updates from the internet in addition to the conventional method verbal consultation with friends and relatives. But in the current scenario with the rewarding publicity awareness created in India by the social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, etc even amongst the oldest generations, political leaders, celebrities, public figures that the common mass in India are transforming more or less as net savvy and net dependent while finalizing on the high involvement purchase and the older generations, ultraconservative classes or house-wives as well are now consulting the internet rather than discuss out with friends and relatives. Thus for the internet users advertisements do play a exchange conclusive role in aiding them to take their decisions. The creative agencies in India are not only invo lved in advertising in the conventional methods they are always inventive in venturing into innovative vistas like arranging for symposium, conferences or just meeting points to interact the advertisers with the prospective consumers and spread the global views for a vivid prospective and prosperous future. Search engine Optimization, stick out per click, Invitation Only Marketing and Exclusivity advertising strategies are all apply to establish as a successful brand intelligently utilizing the web marketing effectively. The advertisements of automobile sectors in this passing phase of global economic recession are also targeted to reinstate and repay the renewed presence of the auto brands and proclaim the word of assurances for their stable support and thus honouring their brand loyalties with perpetual guaranteed services. This is evident in the extracted instance of press wipe out of a credibility reassurance campaign related to the General Motorss US Bankruptcy case in whi ch GMs President and Managing Director (India) Mr. Carl Sym is featured as justifiedlyfully justifyPiyush Rathi, business director, Quasar Media, the digital agency which has conceptualised the campaign, tells afaqs, It is an assurance-building campaign, aimed at informing consumers that India and the US are two separate operations of GM. And the Indian arm is debt-free and self- sufficient and consumers lead continue to get after-sales services.Kapil Ohri (June 03, 2009) digital reassurance by GM India, New Delhi, http//digital.afaqs.com/perl/digital/news/story.html?sid=24156This induced the big honchos in the auto industry like Chevrolet to invest in the enormously prospective emerging market of India as testify in the Chevrolet Aveo U-VAs Bada Dil. Badi Car ad of Bollywood star Saif Ali Khan depicting through online advertisements and electronic campaigns the friendly responsible Indian common man popularized as Aam Admi which at once wins the hearts of millions of Indians. (http//www.prdomain.com/companies/G/GeneralMotors/newsreleases/20066733214.htm) Broadly there are four interdependent perspectives to collectively contribute towards giving the product its brand essence, namely, product, people-organization, product-personality and signature-symbol all the factors together have proven to be a revolutionary hit even in the case of web marketing for the Chevrolet brand in India.Web Marketing Action Plans Behind the Success StoryThe Web Marketing Strategy implemented in this case is illustrated belowFRAME MARKET OPPORTUNITYFORMULATE MARKET STRATEGYDESIGN CUSTOMER EXPERIENCECRAFT CUSTOMER portDESIGN MARKETING PROGRAMLEVERAGE CUSTOMER INFORMATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGYEVALUATEThe Web Activities of Consumers are enlisted below(Source Advertising Age, Digital Marketing Fact Book 2007)Activity Internet UsersUsed e-mail 70.5%Got Latest News 40.2Made Purchase, Personal 34.2Paid Bills 30.7Used Instant Messenger 26.8Got pecuniary Info 24.8Got Sports News/Info 2 3.8Played Games 22.4Made Travel Plans 19.8Got Medical Info 17.4Download Music 15.7Visit TV Website 14.1Tracked Investments 13.2Got Real terra firma Info 12.3Looked For Job 12.1Watched Video 11.4Listened Radio 10.9Made Purchase, Business 10.7Got Info for Car Buy 10Visit Blogs 6.7In marketing of high involvement purchase like cars in India, informative web advertisements through public sharing of the sensational package, affordable prices, vehicular features, outstanding mileage, spare-parts accessibility, world-class presence are proven to be the focus of attraction in communication strategies as successfully illustrated by Chevrolet in its powerful persuasion of forceful advertisements as evidenced in Saif Ali Khan playing the brand ambassador. In India, with rising fuel costs and thinking green becoming buzz words amongst people Chevrolet of General Motors has progressed immensely with innovations exclusive in fuel efficient and environmental-friendly cars of world standard. The B rand Awareness strategies of Chevrolet are a grand success on adopting the following steps as advocated by Aaker (1991)Be different, Memorable To differentiate amidst the competitive market, Chevrolet manifests outstanding, sensational, attention- poufing successful web campaigns and e-ads to attract the exclusive consumer community. Classy, hyped ramp walks during new series launch with cocktail celebrations in grand presence of dignitaries and celebrities are added crowd-pulling sensations practised universally in India by the automobile giant brand Chevrolet which are all posted in the websites and internet advertisements to attract buyers.Involve a slogan or jingle To augment the effect of visual practical impact of the brand, the witty attractive slogan in Chevrolet ads has achieved unimaginable popularity since the most successful innovative pioneering one-liner captivates a million hearts as in Bada Dil. Badi Car meaning Big Heart. Big Car.Symbol photo Popularizing of Chevr olets unique attractive golden cross symbol has further magnetized the consumers and pulled the brand from its grass root level to the current acclaimed glory the symbol sometimes be seen as ads at different news, informative and sports websites.Publicity In this era of fast, speedy communications Chevrolets prime achievement in India dwells in advertising, especially in electronic and internet media, which are timely organized and strategized thus capturing millions and billions of consumers at a time.Event Sponsorship The free test drive campaigns, extravagant road shows organized by Chevrolet in India at principle prospective points with propaganda of least maintenance cost for three years to attract the targeted mass of consumers have been extremely successful in establishing the dominant effect of the brand values and ideology thus creating a recognition augmentation phenomenon which are widely advertised throughout the web. consume brand extensions Chevrolet is renowned i n India to popularize its brand assets in trademark symbol to identify in a faster, broader horizon worldwide utilizing the internet since human memory recalls humbled symbolic visuals instantly and familiarize it with daily lifestyle.Using cues The close to heart marketing package of Chevrolet in India targeting the youth, active working class, fashionable, classy yet loving and caring community is the supreme determinant, the first interaction or synergy point with the consumer. As the saying goes, The first impression is the ending impression, hence during launch of the first brand communication through innovative emails and web campaigns, utmost consideration is inculcated for the brand appearance to be attractive and pervading the right message.Recall requires repetition Chevrolet in India adopted continued marketing strategies to achieve the supreme recall senses in the minds of the consumers through repeated transmission via emails and e-advertisements or reminders through innovative style such as online sponsorships, events, competitions, rewards etc., to create an imagery of the brand in the subconscious mind of target consumers. To accomplish a top of mind recall, Chevrolet has implemented immense endeavour to be recapitulated, reiterated time and again to impact permanently in consumer minds to the extent that the brand loyalty inspires consumer to forgo his own desires in interest of the brand.The recall bonus Reminders through regular e-promotions, publicities have created a strong fortification for the Chevrolet brand in India to take over its other competitors, to attain the vertex in market share through intelligent masterminding, hosts of hallmarks and repetitive net broadcasts with consequent online market surveys and positive promotions fetching an added bonus and dividend in the long run. Chevrolet in India goes to such great extent to embolden and energize their existing as well as prospective customers by treating them with emails, e- greetings, e-cards, gifts and flowers at very special moments of life such as birthdays, weddings, marriage anniversaries, and all the delightful events that make the occasion ever more memorable. This makes Chevrolet truly global, distinctive and exceptional.Thus the international brand Chevrolet implements dynamic online strategies to inspire brand loyalties amongst their diversified classes of consumers with varied preferences in India. Strategizing brand equity of Chevrolet in India has proven to be an indispensable factor to gauge market dominance, and consumer appreciation and loyalty equating with the charisma and values the brand endorses. According to Aaker (1992, p 17) brand equity can be measured under five dimensions, namely, Brand Loyalty, Brand Cognizance, Brand Quality, Brand Association and Brand Assets. India being an emerging nation, its people aspires and is influenced by the prosperous epitome of capitalism exhibited by the United States of America. General Motor s is esteemed to be the titan brand upholding all the values and virtues of American capitalism and experiencing changeover under the visionary leadership of the dynamic and charismatic US President Mr. Barack Obama to revitalize, reincarnate and reinstate it to its hallowed glory. This perceived quality creates a halo effect to strengthen life-time association of the consumer with the brand despite its bounteousness pricing thus spreading the goodwill for the brand through word of mouth advocacy, enhancing the brand equity, hence adding to cash flow appreciation and increased revenue generation of the company in India. Further, since they are exclusive in nature, their marketing and advertising also needs to be unique and limited to a few of the affluent and exclusivity conscious segment. This demands that the marketing and advertising events be planned and executed minutely to maintain an aura of exclusivity which is achieved through Invitation Only Marketing strategies adopted by Chevrolet for its prospective customers. In other words, it can be seen as the highest level of service offered to make the customer feel the differentiation in products as well as service. Hence, it requires a strategic plan for the marketing event to be a success which evolves a concept where consumers are indulged to think of a product as being in scarcity due to the high demand and hence inspires them to desire to own the product. This brand alliance inspires amongst closely networked online consumers to invest in an authenticated quality and name, and also motivates them to share information amongst their close associates which not only elevates the value but also curtails expenditure on additional advertisements and publicity campaigns.Web Marketing Activities and Life CycleFirms have realized the importance of the right tools for promoting their events and their products to the niche segment and note that it has to be subtle. Bohdanowicz and Clamp (1994) note that for the future niche industry, the efficiency both the short-term and long-term marketing plans increases with the use of Information Technology and without it marketing becomes product-cantered (pp 151,152). Since any established brands as well as luxury items, relies on customer loyalty which in turn depends on referrals and invitation-only concept, inefficiency in using Information Technology can hamper the efforts of marketing.TRAFFIC BROWSERS likely CONSUMERSBUYERSLOYAL CONSUMERSKEY IDENTIFIERS IN WEB MARKETINGWEBSITE DESIGNSEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATIONSOCIAL MEDIA MARKETINGPAY PER CLICK ADVERTISING electronic mail MARKETINGMOBILE ACCESSTARGET SLOPEHere, it is to be noted that although the two kinds of customer base in the industry form the major segment, the small percent of networking activists can be considered to promote the products at a faster rate by the use of Information Technology and further, this small but important customer base called Initiators have the potential to trigg er sales as they are found to be more active users of Information Technology on with being the patrons for a number of exclusive products (Hardie, n.d.). Also, this segment, as they are called initiators, is true to the name and can be tapped and relied on to initiate the further sales and also attracts a more loyal customer base. Here, it should be noted that a closely networked customer base can be easy to reach and keep up than attracting a non-communicating customer base. However, it is to be noted that there is the risk of losing out on competition should the service disappoint the closely knit group. This would mean losing out on a large mass at one time. Hence, there needs to be a continuous effort to market web branding of products to the niche segment.With the exclusive products marketed to the niche segment, the pricing is also kept high and although this is limited to a small segment, is growing due to the increasing number of brand conscious segment with their increasi ng incomes and identity needs. This also requires innovative ways of marketing to all prospective segments which necessitates the cause for an exclusivity which in turn is accentuated by the trend of by-invitation-only marketing strategy. It is also observed that there is an online presence for these companies and the exclusive customers for the exclusive products usually are invited or more often seek to be invited to special and exclusive marketing events for these brands. Further, it is noted that social networking has added to the success of this by-invitation-only marketing concept. It is seen that Gmail is the first one to experiment online marketing for some of its VIP customers (Cornes, 2007).Source Advertising Age, Digital Marketing Fact Book 2007, eMarketer Feb. 07 projections against IAB/PriceWaterhouseCoopers data for which the last fully measured year was 2005.Directly extracted from Akehurst, G. E-Marketing Planning and Strategies online Viewed 04 February 2010 Availab le from Directly extracted from Akehurst, G. E-Marketing Planning and Strategies online Viewed 04 February 2010 Available from In web marketing due to its global presence since price cannot be a constraint in marketing these goods, it can be seen as a way to maintain new products based on the feedback from the customers. This is also a good way to keep in business and evolve. Special online advertisements of events such as fashion weeks, kindness shows, are also a trend among the affluent. Further, it is observed that companies use the services of a third-party advertising agent or Public Relations (PR) agent to manage also, a Push-Pull strategy is being adopted for marketing of luxury goods (Hines Bruce, 2007, p 146). However, with the use of Information Technology, the World Wide Web (WWW) and the intranet have enabled a pull process to the distribution of data as opposed to the push process (Yeoman, Robertson, 2004, p 99). Another marketing strategy for luxury goods is sample sales which are also by invitation only. As Sherman observes, the Web is an important tool for such marketing and there are a number of online channels that arrange invitation only sales where often the membership is free and customers can request to be invited (2008). Thus through web marketing the prime focal points are the aspects of offering exclusive products, enhanced customer service, mix of marketing strategies both intensive and extensive online presence, use of efficient tools for communication and push-pull strategies, organized monitoring and feedback system amongst others.Pay Per Click Advertising CampaignPay per click is an intelligently engineered advertising tool where web-hosts are sponsored by the advertisers every time the web-visitors click on the advertisements thus promoted mostly by the search engine overtures, as in the case of Googles AdWords Select, AOL Search and many more.It is sometimes seemingly advantageous than the SEO campaigns due to its operationa l easiness since also the websites need not be customized without any specialized expertise and much faster in use.However the disadvantages are evident in stimulus generalisation of positioning and hence lowering of existent importance, sometimes rampant competition can make the entire affair highly expensive and further if not effectively identified the visitor worth the entire process can also pose as utter loss.To accentuate this campaign it is imperative to survey visitor worth on dividing the profit by the visitor numbers for the specified time period.Further selection of appropriate key phrases, relevant and useful descriptions, and finally regular insight and monitoring is absolutely essential in such cases.The best advantage of PPC is that it can reach enormous amount of targeted visitors in little time.Conclusion and Managerial RecommendationsThe web marketing lifecycle thus conclusively commences with creating an online profile of the organization globally advertised t hrough a skilfully and strategically designed website. Then marketing strategies are farmed, formulated and focused in order to build an online campaign with the help of search engine optimization such that the most popular keywords are identified to impart frequent visibility of the website and hence the organization to any online users. Then branding and further marketing is engage through varied social media networks and pay per click activities further popularizes the vision and mission of the organization through frequent web users who exchange information, ideas, news and views through the net. Email marketing and web-to-mobile connectivity can further commercialize the entire process and impart it as an exclusive affair thus enhancing the return on investiture on a steady growth. Further to sustain this productivity one must have a customized report formulation, regular identification of the best sales leads, evaluation testing and tweaking of the most popular pages, positi ve transformation of prospective customers, sustenance and perpetuation of loyal consumers, online promotions sponsorships campaigns and competitions, regular checking of site-conversion site-performance and market-return, insightful reports with comparative corporate analysis and intelligence for further improvement at every stages of development. Hence such unconventional attractive, larger than life tradition made innovative, avant-garde at the same time classic and eternal by touching hearts of millions of consumers from every walks of life is the true success secret of the global branding and web marketing.

Mental Health of Canadian Indigenous People

Mental Health of Canadian Indigenous PeopleAuthor Sarah E. Nelson, Kathi WilsonJournal Social science and Medicine (2017)This article focuses on the literature in relation to moral health of the indigenous mickle in Canada. Indigenous people contri providede to 370 one million million million of the worlds population spread over more(prenominal) than 70 different countries (WHO, 2007) and are bonkn by different names all across the globe. It is strongly believed by many scholars that an unequal burden of kind illness is being carried by the indigenous people all around the world. According to a number of studies it has been seen that colonialism and the physical process associated with it play an important role in determining the health of indigenous population internationally. This study was carried verboten since not much re chase has been done on the mental health of indigenous people in Canada.Something that connects the indigenous people all around the world is the expe rience of colonialism even though the experience and the news report differ greatly in various location and indigenous population. Health issues such as infant mortality, high incidences of acute or chronic pain, and disgrace have been associated by the international literature with social inequalities desire poverty and racism emerging from colonialism.It has been indicated by research around the world that we should be deliberate when concluding about the occurrence of mental illness without taking into account the colonial process. Studies related to the mental illness of indigenous people in Canada like elsewhere is being taken up by settlers who follow colonial and non indigenous concepts and epistemologies. They also raised concern about the fixity of colonialism in health care system, which creates a problem for the indigenous people who need health care services especially for mental illness.The aim of this study was to identify the point of research on mental health of indigenous people in Canada, find out the gaps which may exists in the studies which have been done, and determine the extent to which mental health research is representative of indigenous populations and geographies in Canada.This study was carried out in 5 stages. First, the research question was identified followed by finding out studies relevant to it, selecting them, collecting the selective information, and combining and summarizing the results. Studies were collected from 11 data bases and 2 indigenous- specific journals. The articles were grouped under social determinants of mental health, mental health services, preponderance of specific type of mental illness, mental health promotion, mental health research and the impact and effect of colonialism on mental health of indigenous people. step to the fore of the 223 selected articles, major(ip)ity of them emphasized on the different sides of colonialism as a factor of mental illness which exhibited the colonial plan in poli cy decision.This study does not include the grey literature. Excluding such literature might led to overlooking at important strategies which may be practiced by various organizations. even so the authors of this article believe that the 223 articles reviewed in this study give a gist of the research being carried out on indigenous people in Canada. Colonialism is a major issue addressed in this study in relation to mental health research. The term colonialism is used to indicate the effect of colonialism rather than the complex body part itself. This flowerpot lead to misinterpretation of the term and cause a narrowed understanding. Interactions with different aspects of colonialism by the indigenous people vary and it is important to maintain this miscellany and deal with it accordingly even though they all share the common effect of colonialism. There are only a few interventions which are culturally accepted. It is therefore very important to look deeply into the interventio ns and mental health programs which are beneficial and accepted by the indigenous community. When seeking help for mental treatment they feel stigmatized and when is it accompanied by racial discrimination and experiences of colonialism, it becomes even more difficult for the indigenous people to get them self treated. It is important to treasure which programs and mental health practices are favorable for various indigenous groups.This article has immensely broadened my view and knowledge about the mental health of indigenous people not only in Canada but all over the world. The huge effect of colonialism is not cut back to an individual but passes on from generation to generation. gardening plays a very important role in maintaining the health equity in different populations. The side effects of colonialism can be minimized by analyzing it as a cultural problem rather than a political, social or economic affair. Even in the 21st century it is sad to know that the indigenous rem ain extremely aloof from the mainstream society even though they are the origins of their respective place.Article 2Author Luke Allen, Julianne Williams, Nick Townsend, Bente Mikkelsen, Nia Roberts, Charlie Foster, Kremlin Wickramasinghe.Title socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioral risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries a systematic reviewJournal The spear Global Health (2017)This article focuses on the socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) which comprises of 39 countries.One of the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to reduce the premature deaths caused due to non-communicable diseases (NCD) by a deuce-ace by 2030. The mortality rate due to NCD is reducing by 1.8% in Brazil per year because of the spread and extension of primary health care. Thus it can be seen that the premature deaths due to NCD can be reduced to a sig nificant amount by implementing government policies which focus on reducing behavioural risk factors. (WHO, 2007)70% of the global deaths occur because of NCD. The relation between socioeconomic status and non communicable diseases is well understood in the high income countries but how behavioural risk factors are spread among the low-middle- income countries remains uncovered. This article aims to review systematically the relation between the socioeconomic status and harmful use of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy diets and physically innatural process in LLMICs.For this study, 13 databases were looked into. The studies that were include were from LLMICs showing data on various measures of socioeconomic status and use of tobacco, alcohol, diet, and physical activity. The exclusion criteria included studies that restricted equating between more or less advantaged groups. Age or language was not the criteria for exclusion of a study. A narrative way for data synthesis was used due to hi gh heterogeneity. 4242 records were reviewed out of which 75 met the assigned criteria which comprised of 2135314 individuals, who were older than 10 years of age. This study was carried out in accordance with PRISMA and Cochrane guidance. Studies included in this review were of moderate to high quality having a cross-sectional and survey based approach. After systematically reviewing the records, it was found that the low socioeconomic groups had a higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use and low intake of healthy diet when compared with the high income group. On the other hand, less physical activity and more consumption of processed foods were seen in people form high socioeconomic group. The socioeconomic indicators that were used were income, wealth or assets, state defined poverty, literacy, education, occupational status and class, caste, job seniority, and researcher defined socioeconomic status.This was the first systematic review conducted within LLMICs which analyzed the socioeconomic distribution of all 4 major behavioural risk factors. Using this broad range of socioeconomic factors enabled the researchers to find a significant difference between casts, classes, sexes, occupational groups, and educational strata. Looking at the dietary findings, there was a direct relation seen between the socioeconomic status and intake of healthy diet. Low socioeconomic status group consumed more amount of processed food in high income setting and the opposite was seen in the LLMICs. Coming to physically activity, it was seen that rural low socioeconomic groups work in jobs which require more physical activity in LLMICs. In cities, this relation in reversed.As the study is heterogeneous, it needs careful interpretation and the findings cannot be seen as absolute. Because of the huge data collected it was difficult to reach to the depth of each risk factor. More than half of the countries classified as LLMICSs were not seen in their search results and this wa s a major finding as well as a weakness. Half of the studies were in relation to India which proves to be high quality evidence but these results cannot be generalized to all the LLMICs. Hence it is necessary to conduct more research to find out if the results found in this study are full-strength even where close observation does not take place. Strategies which are implemented by the policy makers and national development agencies in areas where the premature deaths occurring due to NCD is more, should be evaluated to check if they are appropriate to their setting and should implement their plan accordingly. The government can play an important role by improving the rate of literacy, ideal of living, income along with the heath conditions as it is clearly seen that the low socioeconomic conditions are related to non communicable risk factors. Even though data is not easy for all the LLMICs, appropriate and immediate action should be takes for countries where data is available.R eferencesNelson, S. E., Wilson, K. (2017). The mental health of Indigenous peoples in Canada A critical review of research. Social light Medicine.World Health Organization. (October 2007). Media centre health of indigenous peoples. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs326/en/Allen, L., Williams, J., Townsend, N., Mikkelsen, B., Roberts, N., Foster, C., Wickramasinghe, K. (2017). Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries a systematic review. The Lancet Global Health, 5(3), e277-e289.World Health Organization.( 2017).media centre non communicable diseases prematurely take 16 million lives annually, WHO urges more action. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/noncommunicable-diseases/en/

Analysis of Works From Art from the Ashes edited by Langer Essay

Analysis of Works From Art from the Ashes edited by LangerHow can a person reach back into the past and retrieve the criminal events of cardinal years ago? Read the works provided in Art from the Ashes, and wait wait for words to explode onto an emotionally unprepared mind with enough disembowel to awaken previously dormant areas of ones psychological capacity. One can then begin to understand. Lawrence L. Langers introduction provides keys to open doors of impossibility, to expand sympathy, and to embark into the dark corners of an individuals capabilities. He reminds us not to mistake true experiences for an alien world of fantasy or to look for triumph of have a go at it over hate (Langer 4). The stories he has selected for this anthology gaze into the depths without flinching (Langer 5). They must also discover and accept the twisted features of the unfamiliar without searching for words, like suffering (Langer 6). His main principals of selection, however, include tas teful quality, intellectual rigor, and physical integrity of the texts. The works chosen by Langer must be academically appealing but still be able to exonerate responses on the deepest levels of psychological, mental, emotional, and aesthetic concerns (Langer 8). The following stories represent the approaches and difficulties put forward by Langer The Key Game by Ida Fink, Spring Morning also by Ida Fink, and song About a Herring by Abraham Sutzkever. In these works, characters yearning to exist fully are rolld in critical situations where they are always face with the constant anticipation of death. The striking shortness of time is an always present force facing the characters. Ida Finks short story, The Key Game, begi... ...e taking place somewhere else in the dark depths of someones imagination. Unfortunately, it must be taken in literal, not metaphorical, terms that the child had a bloody herring in his mouth (Langer 5, 581). Secondly, it gazes into the depth s without flinching (Langer 7). Sutzkever, to the best of his ability shows the truth of the situation. His provides images of child dying of fatal gunshots when most would try to avoid that image. Reading these works without the help of Langers introduction would be enlightening, but his statements should be considered and remembered during the venture into disorientation of mind and soul. Since the writers of these works were digest enough to release their experiences using an art, the reader should be brave enough to briefly imagine their experiences without transforming them into a type of fiction.

Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

eight-fold SclerosisYou pick up the telephone to call your best friend. You operate a number which will, in effect, let the phone know where to send the signals. But unbeknownst to you, something has worn away the rubber which covers and protects the wires within your phone. Some signals cannot check through, and the ones that do are ambiguous. As a result your important information does not get conveyed to your friend.This is a circumstance similar to the process that occurs within the system of a person with Multiple Sclerosis, a disease of the spinal cord and brain which affects over 300,000 Americans. The onset of Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, usually occurs between the ages of 22 to 33 years of age and most frequently affects women between the ages of 30 and 50.(1) Yet Multiple Sclerosis is one of the few neurological diseases which is characterized by subsidence (the disappearance of symptoms for an extended period of time.) As a result, it is likely that scientists will be a ble to discover therapies for the disease because if they are able to figure erupt how and why the remission of Multiple Sclerosis occurs, they might be able to force the body into a state of constant remission.Transmitting Signals A fancy at the Nervous System Before taking a closer look at Multiple Sclerosis, it is important to understand the bodys nervous system, which is composed of the rudimentary and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system, which is made of the brain and the spinal cord, is responsible for the integration of information. The peripheral nervous system, which is constituted by all supernumerary nerve cells not in the central nervous system, is responsible for conveying information to and away from the central nervous... ...ut Volume 12, Number 1. computed tomography Academy of apprehension and Engineering, 1997.11 Christenson, Lisa. National Multiple Sclerosis Society Funds Projects by Connecticut Researchers. Highlights of Science and Techn ology in Connecticut Volume 12, Number 1. Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering, 1997.12 Betaseron Information (http//www.betaseron.com)13 National Multiple Sclerosis Society (http//www.nmss.org/msinfo/info_meds.html)14 National Multiple Sclerosis Society (http//www.nmss.org/msinfo/info_meds.html)15 Biogen Homepage (http//www.biogen.com)16 National Multiple Sclerosis Society (http//www.nmss.org/msinfo/info_meds.html)17 National Multiple Sclerosis Society (http//www.nmss.org/msinfo/info_meds.html)18 Corticosteroids Information (http//www.njc.org)19 National Multiple Sclerosis Society (http//www.nmss.org/msinfo/info_meds.html)

A Walk towards Conservation: Waste will Never be the Answer :: Essays Papers

A Walk towards Conservation Waste will Never be the Answer It was a hot summer Sunday morning, a little less than twelve years ago, when my family walked (though my sisters and I did this begrudgingly) home from church. When we finally reached our house, not but a mere five blocks away, we each had one archetype on our minds, breakfast. While one of us emptied the dishwasher, and another began to set the table, the other would help my mom prepare the eggs. And as this almost habitual process unraveled, a large aluminum bowl, not far from the stove, would begin to fill with the remains and peels of uncooked fruits and vegetables, egg shells, and coffee grinds. And so this was the one last culminating and thoughtless chore. ane lucky daughter had the fortunate honor of delivering the remnants of that aluminum bowl to the large, beautiful, and unidentifiable mound of composting materials in the backyard. And through the practicing of such behaviors as the recycling of such waste, world trained not to hold open the refrigerator door in such a sloth-like manner, and learning to turn off the lights, I suppose I have always cared for the environment. At a very young age I learned to recognize that even egg shells can be utilize for cultivating gardens and that waste is bad. I have my Birkenstocks, and listen to activism laden music, and debate global environmental issues with my wonderfully (and I dont say this sarcastically) conservative roommate. merely do I honestly actually do anything for the environment? Not really, which is what prompted me to intentionally use higher education as an opportunity to seek information, on the so called environmental problems, that ominously hover over our society. First semester, freshman year, I took EGEE 102, Energy Conservation for Environmental Protection. Under the sincere guidance of prof Sarma Pisupati, I learned about methods of conserving energy through the use of energy ef ficient devices and appliances in the home (ranging anywhere from efficient lighting to my favorite, geothermal erupt pumps, a wondrous source of clean and free energy). I learned that the production of energy through means of burning coal and oil sour such greenhouse gasses as carbon dioxide.

Literary Merit of John Gunthers Death be not Proud :: essays research papers

Death Be Not Proud by John Gunther is a classic work of literary merit. The genre of the memoir is one that entrust never die. The life of young maverick Gunther takes place in the 1940s, but the courage and wisdom he portrays can be understood forever. The message Johnny sends will endure the test of time. Johnny Gunther goes through countless surgeries, hospital visits, and painful illness. Yet, despite his troubles, Johnny is surprisingly upbeat and optimistic. It is not that he is naive, it is precisely that he does not want to show his anguish to the people around him. His fortitude shines through him and surrounds every one he meets. Gunther uses light in diverse ways in his memoir. When Johnny is at home, with friends, or studying the light is always present. This symbolizes him getting to be him with out a single thought of the disease, in essence his happiness. When Johnny is getting worse, or more bad news is brought forward the room always seems dark or full of shadows. Even though it is dark there always seems to be a little light. For example a crack in the door with light beaming through, the moon hit his face, the sun lighting up a corner of the room. This symbolizes even in the worst of times Johnny finds a shred of hope. Instead of using his muscularity for self-pity he uses it constructively. He is a very bright young man and when school was no longer an option he was crushed but sort of of letting it get him down, he wrote all his teachers and pleaded for tutors. Despite concerns for his doctors he took test, studied, and constructed lengthy science experiments. Even though Johnny knows death is inevitable it does not tour him from learning as much as he can while he can. He even takes his college entrance exam and is accepted into Harvard University. Johnny shows courageousness in the worst of circumstances. Just as Johnnys courage shines through so does his fast maturity from child to adult. His childhood was stolen away from hi m by his illness but instead of sulking he pulls himself together. He takes every difficulty in stride, and gets through them. Even when he is feeling down he hides it for he does not want anyone else to feel his pain. Being a seventeen twelvemonth old boy he wants to do the things all other seventeen year old boys do.

Different Sides of Embryonic Stem Cell Research :: Stem Cell Biology

The field of stem carrell research remains highly controversial because of its honourable and moral values. Despite the news in 2006 that researchers had rig a way to harvest kind-hearted embryonic stem cells without having to destroy embryos, controversy still surrounds potentially life-saving stem cell research. (Gruen, 2007). Due to the strong delirious responses to some of the subject matter by the pro-lifers and certain religions and politics in general, I will attempt to explain different sides of embryonic stem cell research (ESC). This study describes what viable embryos are and the issues connected with them. Are stem cells viable embryos? Can they ever be a human being? home cells are no more than a precursor for some type of cell. They are not tiny embryos nor plunder they ever become embryos. Are human embryonic stem cells embryos? Although stem cells of themselves are not embryos, they are pluripotent they can develop into any cell or tissue of the body. They are not loose of forming a new individual, as a fertilized egg or single cell taken from a four-cell embryo might if cultured in vitro and located in a uterus. Stem cell research has become a subject of political discussion in recent years because of its social and ethical implications, but what is the big controversy with stem cell research? Most diseases are caused by the death of healthy cells in a particular organ. Parkinsons disease is caused by the death of brain cells that produce a chemical call dopamine and diabetes is caused by the death of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. None of these organs can replace the cells that die. With stem cell therapy, these cells can be replaced. Researchers and scientists study stem cells to get a basic understanding of the process in cell growing and disease. The opposition of research on human embryos usually start and finish their argument with the claim that the human embryo is, from the moment of conception,a living, innocent human being. unless the morality of using a being for research should depend on what the being is like, not on the species to which it belongs. (Singer, 2001) This being of 64 cells has no brain and has neer been conscious and can feel no pain. Take for instance researchers who do research on rats, the rats are not capable of preferring not to be in situations that are painful and frightening to them.